儿茶青黛口腔溃疡复合膜制备工艺研究

目的:确定儿茶青黛口腔溃疡复合膜的制备工艺,并筛选出最佳配方。方法:通过制备方法设计分层制膜,并以黏附力、溶解时间、膜溶解时黏度、成膜性、韧性及药效学研究作为指标进行综合评价,筛选出复合膜最佳配方。结果:每200 cm2为标准,儿茶0.8 g,青黛0.8 g、PVA-1750 1.5 g、羧甲基纤维素钠1.2 g、甘油3.2 mL的配方为最佳配方。结论:根据试验筛选的方案制备的复合膜,在黏附力、溶解时间、膜溶解时黏度、成膜性、韧性及药效学研究方面符合要求,确定了儿茶青黛口腔溃疡复合膜的最佳制备工艺。     

HPLC法同时测定复方儿茶酊中儿茶素与原儿茶素的含量

目的：建立同时测定复方儿茶酊中儿茶素与原儿茶素含量的方法。方法：采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为YMC ODS（250mm×4.6mm,5μm）,流动相为0.04mol·L-1枸橼酸溶液-N,N-二甲基甲酰胺-四氢呋喃（45∶8∶2,V/V/V）,流速为1.0mL·min-1,检测波长为280nm,柱温为35℃。结果：儿茶素与原儿茶素的检测浓度分别在0.0518～0.2590、0.0101～0.2030mg·mL-1（r均为0.9999）范围内与各自峰面积积分值呈良好的线性关系;平均加样回收率分别为101.63%和100.49%,RSD分别为1.27%和1.12%（n均为9）。结论：本方法简便、准确、稳定,能有效控制复方儿茶酊的质量。     

Molecular and cellular cues of diet‐associated oral carcinogenesis—with an emphasis on areca‐nut‐induced oral cancer development

In modern times, potent dietary carcinogens are key contributors for neoplastic development. For oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), one of the leading cancer types in developing countries, main oncogenic inducers/enhancers, including areca nut chewing, tobacco smoking, and alcohol consumption, were shown to promote cancer initiation/progression. Over decades, studies from different laboratories have identified underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms for carcinogen‐induced OSCC. In this review, we will give an overview of where we are in understanding potential oral carcinogenic factors stimulated OSCC tumorigenesis, especially those associated with areca nut chewing in Asians, aiming to provide future scope of possible interception.     

响应面分析用于槟榔储藏条件考察的研究

探寻A.flavus菌株在槟榔原药材中生长及产黄曲霉毒素（AFB1,AFB2,AFG1和AFG2）的规律,分析槟榔药材的最佳储藏条件。采用响应面分析法（Response Surface Analysis,RSA）结合Central composite设计,通过测定染菌后的槟榔中水分含量及总黄曲霉毒素的变化,考察温度（Temp,20～40 ℃）和湿度（Hum,80%～95%）两个环境因子对药材上A.flavus菌株产毒的影响,分析该菌株的最适产毒条件。结果发现,储藏后的槟榔水分含量发生了显著的增加;当湿度范围为90%～95%,温度高于25 ℃时,A.flavus菌株在槟榔中生长较快并产生大量黄曲霉毒素。研究表明,当储存条件为湿度小于90%,温度低于25 ℃,槟榔药材在储藏过程中不易霉变产毒,为槟榔储藏规范的制定及降低真菌毒素污染的概率提供了较好的依据。     

Antioxidant,Anti‐inflammatory,and Chemoprotective Properties of Acacia catechu Heartwood Extracts

Aqueous extracts of Acacia catechu heartwood are rich source of catechin and epicatechin (gallic acid derivatives), with smaller amounts of flavonoids. Extracts have also been prepared with ethyl acetate, ethanol, and methanol, and the properties of these extracts have been studied and are reviewed. Potent antioxidant activity has been well established in both in vitro and in vivo studies. This antioxidant activity is believed to be responsible for the anti‐inflammatory, tissue protectant, antineoplastic, and analgesic activities that have been demonstrated and clearly established in animal and cell culture systems. Furthermore, antihyperglycemic, antidiarrheal, antinociceptive, and antipyretic activities have been demonstrated in animal studies. No adverse effects have been observed in animal or human studies or in cell culture systems. In spite of the fact that Acacia products have been used for many years and the general safety of catechins and epicatechins is well documented, few human studies have ever been conducted on the efficacy or safety of A. catechu heartwood extracts. Several studies have shown that a two‐ingredient combination product containing A. catechu extract exhibited no adverse effects when administered daily for up to 12 weeks while exhibiting significant anti‐inflammatory activity in subjects with osteoarthritis of the knee. There is a need for additional human clinical studies with regard to efficacy and safety. © 2015 The Authors. Phytotherapy Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

Areca nut extracts suppress the differentiation and functionality of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells

Wang C‐C, Chen T‐Y, Wu H‐Y, Liu T‐Y, Jan T‐R. Areca nut extracts suppress the differentiation and functionality of human monocyte‐derived dendritic cells. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 198–203. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective: Areca quid chewing, a major risk factor contributing to the occurrence of oral cancer and precancer, has been reported to be associated with the severity and high prevalence of periodontal diseases in areca quid chewers. As dendritic cells are critically involved in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity in oral mucosa, the objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of areca nut extracts (ANE) on the differentiation and reactivity of dendritic cells derived from monocytes. Material and Methods: Human peripheral blood monocytes were cultured in the presence of granulocyte–monocyte colony‐stimulating factor and interleukin‐4 for 7 d to generate dendritic cells. To examine the effect of ANE on the generation of dendritic cells, the monocytes were exposed to ANE throughout the 7 d culture period. In addition, the effect of ANE on the maturation of monocyte‐derived dendritic cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was examined. Results: Monocytes cultured in granulocyte–monocyte colony‐stimulating factor and interleukin‐4 exhibited a typical phenotype of dendritic cells, as evidenced by the heightened expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐DR, CD11c and the co‐stimulatory molecules CD40, CD80 and CD86. Exposure of the monocytes to ANE did not influence the expression of HLA‐DR and CD11c, but markedly attenuated the proportion of CD40‐positive cells and the mean fluorescence intensity of CD86. The expression of co‐stimulatory molecules in LPS‐activated dendritic cells was not affected, whereas the mRNA expression of interleukin‐12 induced by LPS was markedly suppressed by ANE treatment in a concentration‐dependent manner. Conclusion: These results suggest that ANE exposure interfered with the differentiation of dendritic cells from monocytes. Moreover, the functionality of mature monocyte‐derived dendritic cells was attenuated in the presence of ANE.     

槟榔提取物刺激口腔黏膜角朊细胞培养上清对成纤维细胞增殖活性的影响

目的：探讨槟榔提取物刺激口腔黏膜角朊细胞在黏膜下纤维性变发病中的作用。方法：采用不同浓度槟榔提取液刺激体外培养的角朊细胞，取细胞培养上清，MTT法观察细胞培养上清对成纤维细胞增殖的影响。结果：一定浓度槟榔提取液刺激的角朊细胞培养上清能促进成纤维细胞增殖；细胞培养上清对成纤维细胞增殖的促进作用存在个体差异。结论：槟榔成分可能通过改变口腔黏膜角朊细胞的活性而导致口腔黏膜下纤维性变的发生。     

Alterations in expression of retinoid receptor beta and p53 in oral submucous fibrosis

OBJECTIVE: Knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), a potentially malignant condition with high risk of transition to oral cancer, is meagre. Alterations in the expression of retinoic acid receptor beta (RARbeta) and tumor suppressor gene, p53 are early events in oral tumorigenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the alterations in the expression of RARbeta and p53 in OSF lesions and determine their association with disease pathogenesis. METHODS: The expression of RARbeta and p53 proteins was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 50 cases of OSF and 30 histologically normal oral tissues. RESULTS: No detectable RARbeta expression was observed in 35 of 50 (70%) OSF cases. p53 protein accumulation was observed in 24 of 50 (48%) OSF cases analyzed. Thirty-six percent OSF lesions showed loss of RARbeta and p53 overexpression. Interestingly, 41 of 50 (82%) of OSF lesions showed altered expression of at least one of these two proteins. CONCLUSION: Altered expression of either RARbeta or p53 in majority of OSF lesions suggests their association with disease pathogenesis and warrants follow-up to determine whether OSF lesions harboring concomitant alterations in RARbeta and p53 are at a high risk of transition to malignancy.